Chapter Word Formation.docVIP

Chapter 4 Word Formation Affixation Affixation is the process of forming words by adding derivationla affixes to stems. It is also called derivation. Words fromed in this way are derivatives. According to this position affixed occupy in words; affixation falls into two catergories: prefixation Suffixation Prefixation Prefixation is a way of forming new words by adding prefixes to stems. Usually, prefixes do not change the parts of speech of a word. Their chief function is to modify its meaning, although there are exceptions. Prefixes can be divided, based on their meaning, into : negative prefixes; reversative prefixes; pejorative prefixes; prefixes of degree or size; locative prefixes; prefixes of time and order; number prefixes and miscelaneous prefixes. Negative prefixes: ab- : abnormal dis- : disobey in- (il-, ir- im-): injustice, illegal, impolite, irregular non-: non-smoker un-: unwilling Reversative prefixes: de-: decentralize dis-: disunite un-: unwrap Pejocative prefixes mal-: maltreat mis-: mistrust pseudo-: pseduo-science Prefixes of degree or size arch-: archbishop extra-: extra-strong hyper-: hyperactive macro-: macrocosm micro-: microcomputer mini-: mini-election out-: outlive over-: overweigh sub-: subheading super-: suprefreeze sur-: surtax ultra-: ultra-conservative under-: underdeveloped Prefixes of orientation and attitude anti-: anti-nuclear contra-: contraflow pro-: pro-student Locative prefixes extra-: extracellular fore-: forehead inter-: intercity intra-: intra-party: Prefixes of time and order ex-: ex-wife fore-: foretell re-: reconsider Number prefixes mono-: monologue bi-: bicycle tri-: tirangle quadra –(quadri): quadruped penta-: pentagon hexa-: heagon hepta-: Heptathlon octa (octo)-: octopus nona-: nonagon deca-:decade semi- (hemi-): semicircle multi-: multi-pupose Miscellaneous prefixes auto-: autobiography neo-: neo-Nazi pan-: pan-Europe Suffixation Suffixation is the process of forming new words by adding suffixes