subjunctivemood1.ppt

一、三种语气 语气是表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法 范畴，英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 二、虚拟语气 虚拟语气是把动作当作存在于讲话人想象的 “假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实的真实事件，它表达的是“怀疑, 推测，想象或祝愿” 等。 e.g. I wish I were a white cloud. 但愿我是一片云。 Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone. 除非铁石心肠，谁都会被那情景所感动。 三、虚拟语气在条件句种的运用 虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 e.g. He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。 If he had forgotten the time, he would have missed the plane. 他要是忘了时间的话,他不会赶上飞机。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作， 我会以不同的方式去做。 Let’s do it together: 1. You didnt come yesterday, so you didnt see him. If you ___________yesterday, you ________________ him. 2. I can’t meet you tomorrow, because I have to work. If I ____________ to work, I ___________________ meet you tomorrow. 3. You didnt do as I told you, so you didnt succeed. If you __________as I told you, you _____________________ . 4. The water in the river was too cold, so he didnt swim in it. If the water in the river ________________ so cold, he _________________ in it. Notes: 1. 条件句中有should, could, were, had 时，可以省略if, 而把 were, should, could had,放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种用法主要是用于书面语中。 e.g. Were it necessary, I might resign. 如果需要的话，我可以辞职。 Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早些告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。 Let’s do it together: 5.______the smallest mistake, the successful launching of the spacecraft would have been impossible. A Were there to be B If there were C Had there been D Would there have been 6. Had she been older, she ___ less sympathetic. A had been B might be C would be D might have been 7. ____ tomorrow, I should be only too glad to meet her at the bus station. A Were she to arrive B She was to arrive C If she was to arrive D She would arrive 2.在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 e.g. Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. 如果我早上出门时带了伞， 现在就不会淋湿了。