雅思2013-3-20雅思阅读文章的段落结构特点.doc

雅思阅读文章的段落结构特点 朗阁海外考试研究中心 在雅思阅读考试的题型中有一种heading题，即标题配对题。该题型的难度位居雅思各大题型之首，因为该题型主要考查考生们对段落大致内容的把握能力，虽然很多考生认真读懂全段的每一句话甚至每一个单词，却依然丈二和尚摸不着头脑。实际上，这种在雅思题型中夺得难度头魁的题型并没有考生们所想象的那么恐怖，应对这种题型，考生们要做的就是“知己知彼，百战不殆”，也就是说考生们首先要了解雅思阅读文章的段落结构特点。 由于西方人是直线式思维的，不同于中国人的螺旋式思维模式，因此雅思阅读文章的段落结构有其明显的特点，考生只要抓住这些特点就轻松得出段落大意。而雅思阅读文章的段落结构通常可以分为四种。 ☆ 第一种：总分式结构 如剑8 Test 4assage 1 Section D Lessons all follow the same pattern. At the beginning, the pupils put solutions to the homework on the board, then the teachers comment, correct or elaborate as necessary. Pupils mark their own homework: this is an important principle in Japanese schooling as it enables pupils to see where and why they made a mistake, so that these can be avoided in future. No one minds mistakes or ignorance as long as you are prepared to learn from them. After the homework has been discussed, the teacher explains the topic of the lesson, slowly and with a lot of repetition and elaboration. Examples are demonstrated on the board; questions from the textbook are worked through first with the class, and then…Only rarely are supplementary worksheets distributed in a maths class. The impression is that the logical nature of the textbooks and …renders work sheets unnecessary. At this point, the teacher would circulate and make sure that all the pupils were copying well. 分析：此段属于明显的总分式结构，第一句“Lessons all follow the same pattern”统领整个段落，然后分别用“At the beginning”和“After the homework has been discussed”为信号，解说整个课堂的授课流程。但是这种总分式的段落结构在雅思阅读考试的文章中量不是特别大，通常占五分之一的比例。 ☆ 转折式结构（出现转折词或相应表达，把思路逆转） 如剑6 Test 2assage 1 Section B（出现转折词） In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work. Trains and cars initially allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting time