巴赫金对话理论的修辞学研究.docVIP

巴赫金对话理论的修辞学研究 龙金顺 关键词：巴赫金；对话理论；修辞学 摘要: 巴赫金 M.M.Bakhtin 学术思想的核心和精髓是对话理论，其主旨在于强调一种积极的、崇尚个性、注重平等参与的人文精神，对话思想贯穿于他的语言学和符号学思想。虽然巴赫金不是修辞学家，但他有关修辞学的陈述都倡导将修辞学解释为对话，从而确认了话语的各种形式。巴赫金的对话概念极大地发展和丰富了修辞学传统，由此而形成的对话修辞学将巴赫金作品中和现代文化理论中所形成的新的概念应用于修辞学传统，给传统修辞学注入了新的活力。巴赫金的对话修辞学是一种检测我们与他人的观点以及检测我们自身的手段，尤其是对我们个体的和文化的差异的一种检测。从修辞学的视角来探讨巴赫金的对话理论，有助于对其理论能进一步加以审视和理解。 A Rhetorical Study of Bakhtin’s Dialogical Theory Long Jin-shun School of Foreign Languages of Jimei University, Xiamen Fujian 361021 Key words: Bakhtin; dialogical theory; rhetoric Abstract: The core and essence M.M.Bakhtins academic thoughts is the dialogical theory, whose gist is to emphasize a kind of positive humane spirit, which respects individuality and focuses on equal participation. The dialogical thought runs throughout his both linguistic and semiotic thoughts. Although Bakhtin was not a rhetorician, all his statements about rhetoric advocate explaining rhetoric as dialogue, thus confirming various forms of utterances, such as expression, juxtaposition, or negotiation of differences. Bakhtins of dialogical concepts have greatly developed and enriched rhetorical tradition. The dialogical rhetoric has applied the new concepts formed in Bakhtins works and the contemporary cultural theory to traditional rhetoric, into which new vitality has been injected. Bakhtins dialogical rhetoric is a kind of means to test our and others’ views, especially to test the differences of individuals and cultures. Exploring Bakhtins dialogical theory from the perspective of rhetoric can help people have a further and understanding of his theories. 一、导言 众所周知，巴赫金M.M.Bakhtin）是前苏联著名文艺理论家、批评家、世界知名的符号学家。他建立了以他的“超语言哲学”为基础的历史诗学在对具体艺术形式的分析和探讨中巴赫金集中阐述了他的一系列理论如对话理论、狂欢化、复调小说和话语等，用他的小说理论强化了他的语言实践观。] P139 有的后殖民主义理论家将巴赫金的杂化变成了一种文化协商的修辞过程。Bhabha后殖民主义理论的目标就是要削弱殖民者与被殖民者之间的二元对立，强调“跨越殖民分界线的相互性和协商性”。[9] P116 他根据作为言语交流链中一环的巴赫金言语概念，推论出了一种超越文化界线的更广义的人类统一的概念。这样的人类统一形式是“杂化的形式”，是通过一种被理解成“政治协商的象征性过程”的“公共修辞学”发展而来的。[10] P22-25 Bhabha后殖民主义理论的目标在作为具有自己自我身份的个体施动者的后