1Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry.pptVIP

Organic Chemistry 1.1 Foundations of organic chemistry 1.2 Organic compounds 1.3 Atomic structure 1.4 Carbon atom and covalent bonds 1.5 Hybridization 1.6 Bond polarity and electronegativity 1.7 Acids and bases  Foundations of organic chemistry Alchemist（炼金术）: the Mid-1700s Swedish chemist : Torbern Bergman (1770) Chemistry of compounds from living organisms Organic compounds “Vital Force” (the Mid-1800s) F. Wohler: synthesis of Urea (1828) H. Kolber: synthesis of HAc (1845) Organic chemistry: chemistry of the compounds of carbon Carbon Atom A. Kekule and A. Couper: The carbon atom is always tetravalent (1857). The carbon atom has the ability to link to each other (1858). J. Vant Hoff and J. Lebel: Tetrahedral carbon atom (1874) Atomic Structure Atomic Orbital  The Nature of Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Formation of Covalent Bonds The Structure of Methane: SP3 Orbitals The Structure of Ethane: C-C ?-Bond The Structure of Ethylene: SP2 Orbitals The Structure of Acetylene: SP Orbitals Bond Polarity and Electronegativity Acids and Bases:The Bronsted-lowry Definition Acids and Bases:The Lewis Definition Reference book Organic chemistry （有机化学）L.G. Wade, Jr. 原著，王梅 姜文凤改编（第六版），高等教育出版社 * Chapter 1 Fundamentals of organic chemistry Carbon Atom (Bond strength) 碳原子的结构及其成键特点 基态(ground state) C: 1S22S22Px12Py1; 激发态(excited state) C: 1S22S12Px12Py1Pz1 2S 2P 2P 2S C: 2S, 2S, 2P The Structure of Acetylene: SP Orbitals The Structure of Acetylene: SP Orbitals The Structure of Acetylene: SP Orbitals *