Pensions in Nigeria.docVIP

Pensions?in?Nigeria 尼日利亚的退休金计划 Fewer?ghosts,?more?savings 少消耗 多储蓄 After?an?unpromising?start,Nigeria?is?beginning?to?encourage?local?saving?and?investment 在一个不靠谱的开端之后，尼日利亚开始鼓励当地的储蓄和投资。 FEW?people?in?Africa?are?fortunate?enough?to?have?savings?to?fall?back?on?in?their?old?age.Having?enrolled?in?a?voluntary?state-run?pension?scheme,?Stephen?Okikiola?was?always?luckierthan?most.?But?it?was?not?until?Nigeria?obliged?firms?with?five?or?more?employees?to?provideworkers?with?pensions?in?2004?that?the?former?pharmaceuticals?executive?really?startedaccumulating?cash. “Its?good?to?be?able?to?rely?on?those?monthly?payments?now?that?I?amretired,”?he?says. 在非洲，很少有人有足够的资金去做养老储蓄。Stephen?Okikiola比大多数人幸运，因为他参加了国营的自发退休金计划。但是直到2004年尼日利亚迫使企业的五个或以上的雇员给给工人提供退休金，前制药公司的执行官们才真正地开始进行了存储。他说：“我已经退休了，能依赖于那些每月的支付是很不错的。” Nigeria?has?spent?a?decade?resurrecting?its?pension?system.?Back?at?the?turn?of?the?century,government?employees?were?enrolled?in?a?defined-benefit?system? in?which?eventual?paymentsare?fixed .It?had?run?up?unfunded?liabilities?of?2?trillion?naira? 12.9?billion .Governments?seldomput?aside?enough?money?to?pay?existing?pensioners,?let?alone?to?cover?future?costs.?Retireesoften?went?unpaid.?Most?private?companies,?meanwhile,?ignored?their?obligation?to?providepensions?for?their?workers.?At?those?that?did,?allegations?of?mismanagement?and?fraudabounded. 尼日利亚花了十多年去恢复他们的退休金制度。回顾本世纪初，政府雇员参加的是固定退休金制度（即期末薪金是固定的）。这加剧了高达2万亿奈拉养老金缺口（129亿美元）。政府很少给现有的退休人员准备充足的养老资金，更不用说承担未来成本。退休人员通常领不到退休金，而且大多数私人公司也不顾他们给职工提供养老金的责任。所有这些事情中充满了对管理不善的推诿和欺骗。 All?this?changed?with?the?reforms?of?2004,?which?not?only?instituted?mandatory?pensions?atmost?private?firms,?but?also?converted?the?government?scheme?from?defined-benefit?todefined-contribution? in?which?the?risk?of?poor?investment?returns?lies?with?the?participants,not?the?sponsor .?The?management?of?the?government?scheme?was?also?outsourced,?and?aregulator?created?to?oversee?the?industry.?Since?2005,?pension?schemes?assets?have?grown?bymore?than?25%?a?year?on