混龄教育的好处 全文翻译.docVIP

Goodlad and Anderson, who introduced the modern notion of the non-graded elementary school in 1959, raised our awareness of the fact that （age is a crude indicator of what learning experiences children are ready for. ）1959年，哥德纳德和安德森引进“无年级制”的现代观念 Implementation of Goodlad and Andersons ideas originally最初 consisted largely of organizing children in groups by ability rather than by age, 取决于能力而非年龄 按学生年龄或能力分级的教学组织形式，将不同年龄的学生分到一个班组进行教学的实践活动 thereby 因此homogenizing groups in a different way! We have come to understand that the benefits of mixed-age grouping rest on the assumption that the differences within a group of children can be a source of rich intellectual and social benefits. 我们已经了解到混龄分组在理论上主要基于以下设想，即组内孩子内在的差异可以成为丰富的智力和社会效益的源泉 The terms ungraded and nongraded used by Goodlad and Anderson 古德莱德和安德森所使用的“无等级”和“不分等级”术语 suggest 表明what we do not do in mixed-age settings -separate children into grade groups by age - but they fail to describe what we try to do. 我们在混龄设置中中所做的事 按年龄把孩子分成不同的 他们在混龄设置中 但他们没能很好地描述他们应该做什么 That may be better conveyed by the use of the term mixed-age grouping. 这可能用混龄组”这个术语来表达更加贴切A mixed-age group of children in which the childrens age range is larger than a year sometimes two years and sometimes more - is intended to optimize the educative potential of the mixture itself.混龄组的小孩儿比大大约一到两岁-目的在于优化混合教育潜力 Although humans are not usually born in litters, we seem to insist that they be educated in them. 尽管人类通，我们似乎坚持，。 The time that children spend in groups in schools and child care centers, particularly for preschoolers, amounts to相当于 replacing families and spontaneous neighborhood groups as contexts for child-to-child interaction for large portions of childrens waking hours. 家庭的氛围， 代替了家庭和邻居小孩儿一起玩玩 More and more children 越来越多的孩子被剥夺了他们曾经在混龄组are deprived of the information and models of competencies that once were available to them in natural mixed-age groups. The intention of mixed-age grouping in early chi