微创手术综述.docVIP

拆妇科微创手术简介 在人类文明迈向21世纪之时，医学发展也进入了一个崭新的时代。随着科学技术和医疗水平的提高，医疗已不仅仅局限于治愈疾病，如何减少治疗时的并发症，如何使妇科手术真正做到只切除病灶而不损伤正常组织，如何从根本上预防疾病的发生，已成为当今医疗质量的更高追求。微创是指以最小的创伤、最佳的治疗手段达到治愈疾腹腔镜手术是一门新发展起来的微创方法，是未来手术方法发展的一个必然趋势。加上医生越来越娴熟的操作，使得许多过去的开放性手术现在已被腔内手术取而代之，大大增加了手术选择机会是一种带有微型摄像头的器械。腹腔镜手术就是利用腹腔镜及其相关器械进行的手术：使用冷光源提供照明，将腹腔镜镜头插入腹腔内，运用数字摄像技术使腹腔镜镜头拍摄到的图像通过光导纤维传导，并且实时显示在专用监视器上。然后医生通过监视器屏幕上所显示患者器官不同角度的图像，对病人的病情进行分析判断，并且运用特殊的腹腔镜器械进行手术。Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery 微创腹腔镜手术是医生运用集光学、计算机、超声、机械等技术的特殊腹腔镜器械进行的手术。手术的基本过程是：病人麻醉后，医生在病人的腹壁打3～4个直径0.5～1厘米的小孔，其中的一个孔放入镜子。镜子通过微型摄像机连接到电视屏幕上，使得病人腹腔内的病灶一目了然地反映到电视屏幕上。而其他几个腹壁小孔则放入剪刀、钳子等手术器械，医生看着屏幕进行手术。手术过程基本与开腹手术一样，由于镜子具有放大8～10倍的作用，甚至可以做得比开腹手术还要精细，医生看着屏幕对病变的组织进行钳夹、切割、缝合等一系列操作。同时，手术中应用电刀、激光、微波等先进技术，使得手术更趋完善。最后，将切除的肿块放入塑料袋内切碎后取出。 The minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is the surgery doctors make by applying a special set of laparoscope apparatuses, such as optics, computer, ultrasonic and mechanics. The basic procedure of the surgery is as follows. After a patient is narcotized, doctors punch 3 to 4 holes of 0.5 to 1cm in diameter in the patient’s abdominal wall. A mirror is put into one of the holes. The mirror is connected to TV screens by a mini-camera and the nidus in the enterocoelia of the patient are displayed on the screens obviously. Surgery apparatuses like Scissors, pliers and so on are put into the left holes. The doctors make the surgery by watching the TV screens. The process of the surgery is the same as laparotomy. The surgery may be more meticulous than laparotomy due to 8 to 10 times of amplification by the mirror. The doctors can make a series of operation, such as clamping, cutting and stitching by watching the TV screens. At the same time, the application of advanced technologies like electrotome, laser, microwave and so can make the surgery more perfect. Finally, the tumor is put into a plastic bag and is chopped, and then the bag with chopped tumor inside is taken out. 从1982年开展简单妇科腹腔镜手术。1989年Reich首次报道腹腔镜下子宫全切术，到90年代大部分妇科手术在腹腔镜下完成。如宫外孕、