第05讲 the system saftey process.pptVIP

5 The System Safety Process ——系统安全程序 词汇 catastrophic adj.悲惨的, 灾难的 Critical adj. 严重的；危险的；危急的, 临界的 评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的 rule of thumb n.单凭经验的方法 Negligible adj.可以忽略的, 不予重视的 Hydraulic adj.水力的, 水压的 Caustic adj.腐蚀性的, 刻薄的 Exhaustive adj.无遗漏的, 彻底的, 详尽的, 无遗的 Hermetically adv.密封地 Methodical adj.细心的；按顺序的；有条不紊的 decision-making n.决策 Rationale n.基本原理 Imperative adj.急需的；必要的；命令式的；专横的 Translation －paragraph 1 The system safety process is really an easy concept to grasp. 系统安全程序的概念很容易掌握。 The overall purpose is to identify hazards, eliminate or control them, and mitigate the residual risks. 该程序总的目标就是辨识危害，消除或控制它们，减轻残余的风险。 Translation －paragraph 1 The process should combine management oversight and engineering analyses to provide a comprehensive, systematic approach to managing the system risks. Figure 5.1 details this process. Oversight n.勘漏, 失察, 疏忽, 失败, 小心照顾 n.（正式） 细心照看，密切注视 Oversee vt. 监察，监督 这个程序应该把管理检查和工程分析结合起来，为管理系统风险提供一个综合的、系统的方法。图5.1详述了这个过程。 Translation －paragraph 2 As with any problem, the first step is to define the boundary conditions or analysis objectives. That is the scope or level of protection desired. 同任何问题一样，第一步就是确定边界条件或分析目标，也就是期望控制的范围和水平。 One must understand what level of safety is desired at what cost. 我们必须明白以什么成本希望达到什么样的安全水平。 Translation －paragraph 2 The engineer needs to answer the question: How safe is safe enough? Other questions to ask are: What constitutes a catastrophic accident? What constitutes a critical accident? Is the cost of preventing the accident acceptable? 工程师需要回答这个问题：什么样的安全才是足够的安全？其他要提出的问题是： 1、灾难性的事故由哪些部分构成？ 2、严重事故由哪些部分构成？ 3、预防事故的成本是否可接受？ Translation －paragraph 3 Most industries approach this step in the same way. 大多数企业以同样的方式开始这个步骤。 However, how they differentiate among catastrophic, critical, minor, and negligible hazards may vary. 但是在他们如何区分灾难性事故、严重事故、较小的事故、和可忽略事故方面可能有所不同。 The engineer will need to modify the definiti