二虚拟语气.docVIP

二.虚拟语气 一．英语中的语气有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气主要用于陈述句和疑问句；祈使语气用于祈使句；虚拟语气（又称假设语气），表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测。 二.分类: （一）．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（非真实条件句） （二）．虚拟语气用于名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） （三）．虚拟语气用于定语从句 （四）. 虚拟语气用其他于状语从句 （五）．其他结构中的虚拟语气 （一）．1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（非真实条件句） 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were） 主语+should/would/could/might +动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 If+主语+had+过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 ①If+主语+动词的过去式②If+主语+were to+动词原形③If+ 主语+should+动词原形 主语+ should/would/could/might +动词原形 E.g. 1).If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 2).If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 3). If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 2.If 省略句。在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had（与过去事实相反）, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。 E.g. Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。 1）. without I would have failed in the examination without your help. (without=if it had not been for，表示同过去相反的非真实条件句，本句用的是虚拟语气。) 2. but for 要不是 But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned. (but for=if it had not been for, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句，本句用的是虚拟语气。) 3. in the absence of 缺乏……时，当……不在时 In the absence of the keeper, the warehouse would have been burned down. (in the absence of the keeper=if the keeper had been absent, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句，本句用的是虚拟语气。) 4. under We might have done better in our research under more favorable conditions. (under= if we had worked under, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句，本句用的是虚拟语气。) 5. but that 若非 But that your guidance, we should/would fail. (but that=if it were not for, 表示同现在相反的非真实条件，本句用的是虚拟语气。) harder at school, I would have a better job now. （二）．虚拟语气用于名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 1．主