Interpreting Long Sentences.pptVIP

Interpreting Long Sentences 一、英语长句的分析??? 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。 (3) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (4) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (5) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 例1—找出先行词 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又能促使其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会得到较高水平的发展。 例2– 固定结构 For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。 E-C 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。 (1) 顺序法。 例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。 例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 多长时间这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 (2) 逆序法。(根据逻辑、条件、时间、因果的先后顺序进行调整) 例1. Aluminum (铝) remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity (亲和力). 铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。 例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are