Zone of Proximal Development.pptxVIP

Zone of Proximal Development ——ZPD 英语（师范）4班 龙小雪 潘厉霜 What is ZPD？ What is ZPD？ What is ZPD？ The zone of proximal development (sometimes abbreviated ZPD), is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help. It is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky (1896 - 1934). Vygotsky stated that a child?follows an adults example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help or assistance. Vygotsky’s often-quoted definition of zone of proximal development presents it as： the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers. The zone of proximal development defines functions that have not matured yet, but are in a process of maturing, that will mature tomorrow, that are currently in an embryonic state; these functions could be called the buds of development, the flowers of development, rather than the fruits of development, that is, what is only just maturing There was a saying: Vygotsky among other educational professionals believes the role of education to be to provide children with experiences which are in their ZPD, thereby encouraging and advancing their individual learning. The concept of ZPD was originally developed by Vygotsky to argue against the use of academic, knowledge-based tests as a means to gauge students intelligence. Vygotsky argued that, rather than examining what a student knows to determine intelligence, it is better to examine his or her ability to solve problems independently and his or her ability to solve problems with an adults help.?However, the untimely death of Vygotsky interrupted his thinking about the zone of proximal development and work remained mostly incomplete. Origins The concept of ZPD has been expanded, modified, and changed into new concepts