RT Film Training.pptxVIP

Quality Surveillance Training Weld Defects Seen in Radiographs Radiograph images of weld defects Radiographic images are used to help engineers better understand the types of defects that can be viewed within radiographic images. These images are samples of typical weld defects with brief descriptions of the nature of the weld defect. Inadequate / Lack of Penetration Incomplete Penetration (IP) or lack of penetration (LOP) occurs when the weld metal fails to penetrate the joint. It is one of the most objectionable weld discontinuities. Lack of penetration allows a natural stress riser from which a crack may propagate. The appearance on a radiograph is a dark area with well defined, straight edges that follows the land or root face down the center of the weldment Lack of Root Penetration Lack of Root Penetration Mismatched (Hi-Lo) Weld External ConcavityInsufficient Fill on Cover Pass Cap UndercutUndercut on Cover Pass Internal Root UndercutUndercut on Root Pass Root Burn ThroughBurn through on Root Pass Slag Inclusions Slag inclusions are non metallic solid material entrapped in weld metal or between weld and base metal. In a radiograph, dark, jagged asymmetrical shapes within the weld or along the weld joints areas are indicative of slag inclusions. Elongated Slag Lines (Inclusions) Incomplete Fusion Incomplete fusion is a condition where the weld filler metal does not properly fuse with the base metal. Appearance on radiograph is usually appears as a dark line or lines oriented in the direction of the weld seam along the weld preparation or joining area. Lack of Side Wall Fusion Cold Lap Cold Lap is a condition where the weld filler metal does not properly with the base metal or the previous weld pass material (e.g., interpass cold lap). The arc does not melt the base metal sufficiently and causes the slightly molten puddle to flow into the base material without bonding. Interpass Cold LapLack of Fusion Porosity Porosity is the result of gas entrapment