TransformationofJuvenileJusticePhilosophyandPracti.pptVIP

Transformation of Juvenile Justice Philosophy and Practice Presented by Jim Burfeind, Ph.D. Professor and Chair, Department of Sociology Criminology Program The University of Montana The Social and Legal Concept of “Juvenile Delinquency” Three historical developments that led to the concept of juvenile delinquency: The discovery of childhood and adolescence as developmental stages in the life cycle during the Enlightenment Period (1600s – late 1700s). The development of parens patriae as a legal concept in English Equity Law, beginning in the 14th century (1300s). The emergence of positivist criminology in the late 1800s. The Social and Legal Concept of “Juvenile Delinquency” As a result of these historical developments: Adolescence began to be viewed as a distinct and crucial developmental stage – an age of dependency and risk. Juvenile delinquency is seen as a manifestation of problematic adolescent development. The scientific method was used to identify key causes of delinquent behavior, allowing for prevention, assessment, and reform. While the family was viewed as centrally important, the state has a vested interest in the welfare of children and must assume parental authority if the parents are unable or unwilling to handle their parental duties and responsibilities. The Invention of the Juvenile Court The creation of the first juvenile court in Chicago in 1899 was a culmination of a series of changes throughout the 1800s, but most significantly the child-saving movement of the late 1800s. “An Act to Regulate the Treatment and Control of Dependent, Neglected, and Delinquent Children” (1899). The new juvenile court established a separate legal system that is noteworthy in three primary ways: Separate structure and broad jurisdiction. Legal authority under parens patriae. Legal philosophy and process – the rehabilitative ideal. Separate Structure and Broad Jurisdiction A separate court with its own personnel. Broad jurisdiction: The Illinois Juvenile Court Ac