PrinciplesofDyeing.pptVIP

Principles of Dyeing;Yet another somewhat more complicated method of dyeing is used for the insoluble naphthol dyes(萘酚染料）which are also of good washing fastness.另外一种较为复杂的染色方法被应用于有很好水洗牢度的不溶的萘酚染料。These dyes are made by combining together two and sometimes three soluble components which are not ,themselves,dyes.这些染料是通过将两种、有时三种本身不是染料的 成份联合起来制成的。 ;The dye made in this way is insoluble in water and therefore is not suitable for the dyer.用这种方式制成的染料在水中是不可溶的，因此它不适合染色者使用。Therefore adopts(采用） the following expedient(方法）.因此采用下面的方法。Firstly,a solution of one component is applied to the fabric.首先，一种成份的溶液被用在织物上 。;Generally the fabric has little or no affinity for this component so the solution is just dried into it.一般来说织物对这种成份的亲和力较小或没有亲和力，因此这种溶液仅仅是被干燥在织物上面。Then the fabric is immersed(浸没） in a solution of the second component.然后织物被浸没在第二种的成份的溶液中。At once this component enters into the fabric before the other component has time to move out of it,and then combination takes place between them so that the resulting insoluble naphthol dyes are formed within the fibers.在其他成份移出溶液之前，这种成份就立刻进入织物中，然后这两种成份的结合就开始了，因此这种不溶性的萘酚染料就在纤维中形成 。;It is scarely possible to wash out this dye,even by prolonged hot soaping.要洗净这种染料几乎不可能，甚至延长时间用热肥皂擦洗。There are other instance where special dyes,such as aniline black(苯胺黑）are formed within the textile material .也有其他特殊染料的情况，像在纺织材料内部形成的苯胺黑。For this particular fast black shade it is aniline which is oxidized in the yarn or fabric.因为特定的色牢度的颜色，苯胺在纱线或织物中被氧化。 ;Another dyers’ expedient is that of dyeing fabric with a dye in the ordinary way , and then changing its fastness or its color by combining it with another component . 染料家的另一个对策是使用普通的方式用染料给织物染色，然后通过与其他一种组份相结合来改变它的牢度和色泽。Many dyed materials can have the fastness of their color improved either to washing or to light by aftertreatment with metal salt .许多染过色的原料通过用金属盐进行后处理以改善它们的水洗色牢度或日晒色牢度。 ;For example , many cotton colorings can be made faster to light by aftertreatment with a warm solution of