海洋物理现象探析.pptVIP

Review;大尺度水平运动基本上是在水平气压梯度力和科氏力相平衡下维持的地转平衡运动 三圈环流（哈得莱环流、费雷尔环流和极地环流） Monsoon(季风）(Wet Summer Monsoon; Dry winter Monsoon) 台风（也称飓风、热带风暴和气旋。产生于热带海洋，强气旋式涡旋） ENSO是厄尔尼诺和 南方涛动的合称。 ;El Nino and La Nina;;;;The mechanism;Ocean Response to Atmospheric Conditions;Ocean Response to Atmospheric Conditions;Biological Consequences of ENSO;Satellite Remote Sensing;Satellite Remote Sensing;;Chavez,F.P.,et al,1999. Sicence, V286,2126;Feb. 28 1995;1986-2004年间冬季平均的a) MEI(Multivariate ENSO Index)、b) SSTA(海表温度距平)、c) R(暖冷水面积比值)、d) HChl(高叶绿素区面积)和e) MWSA(经向风应力距平)时间系列示意图;?– 1995 temperature; o - 1998 temperature; ▲– 1995 salinity; ?- 1998 salinity. ?– 1995 nitrate; o - 1998 nitrate. ?– 1995 chlorophyll-a; o - 1998 chlorophyll-a.;;研究意义(Significance of research)　　??? 生物(organism)：　植物(plant)，光合作用(photosynthesis)； ? 动物(animal)，昼夜迁栖习惯。　　??? 区分水团和海流：光的散射(Scatter)和吸收(Absorption)与悬浮物质(Suspend Material)、混浊度(Turbidity)有关。 ??????????????????????????????;Amount of light entering the ocean depends upon the height of the sun above the horizon and the smoothness of sea surface.;Electromagnetic spectrum(电磁波);Light Transmission in Seawater;;In the open ocean, blue light penetrates the deepest. In turbid coastal waters light rarely penetrates deeper than 20m. and the water appears yellow to green because particles reflect these wavelengths.;Color in the Ocean;Objects that are not directly in the individual’s line of sight can be seen in water because of the refraction(折射) of the light rays. The refraction is caused by the decreased speed of light in water.;What happens to light in the Ocean?;Absorption: Involves the conversion of electromagnetic energy into other forms such as heat or chemical energy (photosynthesis光合作用) Scattering: Changes in the direction of the electromagnetic energy as a result of multiple reflections from suspended particles. ;Absorption and Scattering;透明度和水色 (Transparency Water color) ???????????????????????????????????1) 透明度(transparency):??? 相对透明度：直径30cm的白色圆盘垂直沉入海水中，直到刚看