加工中心换刀机械手机械CAD图纸设计.doc

加工中心换刀机械手设计 摘 要 在当今大规模制造业中，企业为提高生产效率，保障产品质量，普遍重视生产过程的自动化程度，机械手作为自动化生产线上的重要成员，逐渐被企业所认同并采用。机械手的技术水平和应用程度在一定程度上反映了一个国家工业自动化的水平，目前，机械手主要承担着焊接、喷涂、搬运以及堆垛等重复性并且劳动强度极大的工作，工作方式一般采取示教再现的方式。 本文将设计一台四自由度的机械手，主要的功用就是自动换刀。首先，本文将设计机器人的底座、机身、臂部和手爪的结构，然后选择合适的传动方式、驱动方式，搭建机器人的结构平台；在此基础上，本文将设计设计了机械手的夹持式手部结构；以及机械手的总体结构，以实现机械手伸缩，升降，回转和俯仰四个自由度及手爪的开合。 运用了FX 系列可编程序控制器（PLC）对换刀机械手进行控制, 论述了电气控制系统的硬件设计, 控制软件结构以及手动控制程序和自动控制程序的设计。 关键词：机械手，可编程序控制器，液压 DESIGN FOR AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER OF MACHINING CENTER ABSTRACT In the modern large-scale manufacturing industry, enterprises pay more attention on the automation degree of the production process in order to enhance the production efficiency, and guarantee the product quality. As an important part of the automation production line, industrial robots are gradually approved and adopted by enterprises. The technique level and the application degree of industrial robots reflect the national level of the industrial automation to some extent, currently, industrial robots mainly undertake the jops of welding, spraying, transporting and stowing etc. , which are usually done repeatedly and take high work strength, and most of these robots work in playback way. In this paper I will design an industrial robot with four DOFs, which is used to carry material for a punch. First I will design the structure of the base, the big arm, the small arm and the end manipulator of the robot, then choose proper drive method and transmission method, building the mechanical structure of the robot. On this foundation, I will design manipulators clamp type hand structure; As well as has designed manipulators gross structure, realizes the manipulator to expand and contract, the fluctuation, rotates three degrees-of-freedom and hand fingernails opening and closing. The drive type realizes the arm expansion and the fluctuation by the air cylinder, the asynchronous machine realizes manipulators revolving. The paper illustrates that the