交工专业英语.docx

Unit 1 The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化 The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity． 交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。运输署早期功能是满足基本需要搬运粮食供应和建材等领域。但随着部落，然后人民，和最后国家形成，运输的社会和经济功能变得越来越复杂。在第一次有流动性所需的个人、 宗族、 家庭和动物保护他们免遭，和逃避危险自然灾害和部落的侵略行为，并在寻找最好的地方定居。部落群体形成和逐步确立其地理特征，运输日益需要开放地区的发展，以提供对天然资源，促进族裔间的贸易，并调动本土防卫的访问。当第一次的联合国应运而生时，运输发挥了重要的作用，建立民族气节 After basic societal needs had generally been attended to，local communities could increasingly devote their efforts to enhancing their economic，cultural，and technological development through trade links with other peoples and regions．Again，transport provided the mobility required for such intertribal, international，and finally intercontinental cultural exchange and trade．During all of this gradual development toward an organized human society，represented today through the international family of nations，transport as physical process of moving people and goods，thus promoting such development，continuously underwent technological and organizational changes．Such changes were induced by several factors and circumstances．In fact，today’s transport in its variou