第二章均衡价格理论(微观经济学哈工大,周燕)教材.ppt

* 48 Instructor Notes: 1) A sales tax of 10 cents a pink pen shifts the supply curve to S + tax. 2) The price remains at $1 a pen, and the quantity of pink markers sold decreases to 1,000 a week. 3) Sellers pay the entire tax and receives less per pen. 4) As a result, sellers decrease the quantity offered for sale. * 52 Instructor Notes: 1) With a sales tax of 5 cents a bottle, the price remains at 50 cents a bottle. 2) The number of bottles bought remains the same, but the price received by the seller decreases to 45 cents a bottle. 3) The spring produces 100,000 bottles of water per week regardless of the price. 4) Buyers will buy the 100,000 bottles only if the price is 50 cents. 5) The seller pays the entire tax. * 54 Instructor Notes: 1) The sales tax of 1 cent a pound increases the minimum supply price to 11 cents a pound. 2) The supply curve shifts to S + tax. 3) The price increases to 11 cents a pound. 4) The buyer pays the entire tax. 5) As a result the buyer purchases less. * The analysis of competitive market * 完全竞争市场分析 A B C S D P 0 Q p0 pmax q0 q1 q2 无谓损失 A B C S D P 0 Q p0 pmax q0 q1 q2 A B C S D P 0 Q p0 pmax q0 q1 q2 * 14 Instructor Notes: 1) The table shows a demand schedule listing the quantity of tapes demanded at each price if all other influences on buyers’ plans remain the same. 2) At a price of $1 a tape, 9 million tapes a week are demanded; at a price of $3 a tape, 4 million tapes a week are demanded. * 17 Instructor Notes: 1) The demand curve shows the relationship between quantity demanded and price, everything else remaining the same. 2) The demand curve slopes downward: As price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. 3) The demand curve can be read in two ways. For a given price, it tells us the quantity that people plan to buy. For example, at a price of $3 a tape, the quantity demanded is 4 million tapes a week. 4) For a given quantity, the demand curve tells us the maximum price that consumers are willing and able to pay for th