2013药学本科关节学(修).ppt

腕 关 节 一、组 成 手舟骨 月 骨 三角骨 桡 骨 关节盘 关节头 关节窝 三、腕关节的运动 屈 和 伸 收 和 展 环 转 Ⅳ) Joints of hand Radiocarpal joint Bones Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiform Capsule: Lax and strengthened by surrounding ligament Movements: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction 二 、下肢骨的连结 （一）下肢带连结 1.骶髂关节 Sacroiliac Joint ： 组成： 由骶骨耳状面、髂骨耳状面构成 特点： 其周围有多条韧带加强 2.髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结 骶结节韧带 Sacrotuberous Ligament 骶棘韧带 Sacrospinous Ligament 坐骨大孔、坐骨小孔 （一）下肢带连结 二 、下肢骨的连结 （一）下肢带连结 1. 骶髂关节 Sacroiliac Joint 2. 髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结 （1）骶结节韧带 Sacrotuberous ligament （2）骶棘韧带 Sacrospinous ligament 3.耻骨联合Pubic Symphysis 由两侧耻骨联合面借耻骨间盘构成 4.闭孔膜Obturator Membrane （一）下肢带连结 闭膜管obturator canal 2.髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结 骶结节韧带 Sacrotuberous Ligament 骶棘韧带 Sacrospinous Ligament *坐骨大孔、坐骨小孔 （一）下肢带连结 3. 耻骨联合 Pubic Symphysis 4. 闭孔膜 Obturator Membrane Section 6 Joints of the lower limbⅠ. Joints of the pelvic girdle Ⅰ）Sacroiliac joint Bones: Auricular surface of sacrum and ilium Capsule: Very tight and strengthened by ligaments Ⅱ Vertebropelvic ligaments Sacrotuberous ligament runs from lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the inner margin of ischial tuberosity Sacrospinous ligament runs from ischial spine to lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina 5.骨盆Pelvis ： 组成：左右髋骨和骶、尾骨以及其间的骨连结构成 *界线： 骶骨岬、骶翼、弓状线、耻骨梳、耻骨结节、耻骨嵴、耻骨联合上缘 小骨盆 大骨盆 特点： 在解剖学姿势时，两侧髂前上棘与两耻骨结节在同一冠状面，尾骨尖与耻骨联合上缘位于同一水平面 小骨盆Lesser pelvis *骨盆上口：界线 骨盆腔 尾骨尖、骶结节韧带、坐骨结节、坐骨支、耻骨下支、耻骨联合下缘 骨盆下口： 耻骨弓、耻骨下角 5. 骨盆 Pelvis 界线： 骶骨岬、骶翼、弓状线、耻骨梳、耻骨结节、 耻骨嵴、耻骨联合上缘 Bony pelvis Terminal line: Formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis Main difference between male and femal pelvis Main difference between male and femal pelvis Larger Small Outlet Shallower, wide De