第4章代词的翻译.pptVIP

Lecture Four Translation of Pronoun 代词是用来代替名词、名词词组甚至整个句子的词。英语的代词有9类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词、连接代词。为了清楚地表达代词本身的意义以及所代替的词、词组或句子的意义，翻译时，首先要辨明代词所代替的先行词，以便正确地理解原文；其次要在译文中采用适当的翻译方法给以明确的表达，避免引起歧义。 Section 1 General Methods of Pronoun Translation 1. Literal Translation 即直接翻译出代词本身的意思，此法常用于人称代词的翻译。如： They are regarded as electrons moving backward in time.它们被认为是逆着时间而运动的负电子。 Practice 1 1. In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photoelectric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode. 2. The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves. 3. This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise. 参考译文： 1、在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面的光引起表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子吸引到另一电极。 2、即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下面看不见的地方，猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击它。 3、这可以与杂乱的声波相比，一般的噪声就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。 2. Resumed to the substitute nouns or noun phrases 即还原，就是把代词所代替的名词、名词词组的意思翻译出来。如： This ducted air amplifies the mass of hot exhaust gases, and thus serves to augment the thrust derived from them. 导入的空气会增大热废气的质量，从而有助于增大由废气所获得的推力。 If the bearings were not lubricated, they would rapidly overheat. 假如轴承未添加润滑油的话，轴承很快就过热了。 The construction of the diesel engine is quite similar to that of the gasoline engine. 柴油机的构造与汽油机的构造十分相似。 Practice 2 1. Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge. 从原子里释放掉一些电子使得原子完全带上正电。 2. Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible. 每一结晶的性状应与其他结晶的性状尽可能相似。 3. Interchange 即将英语原文句子中的名词（先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在翻译时进行相互换位。具体的做法就是将代词译为该名词，将名词译为代词，使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯。这种译法多用于翻译英语中的偏正复合结构的句子。如： Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学性质上它就变得活泼了。 Almost all constant-speed machines may be driven by a. c. squirrel-cage motors because these motors are made with a variety of speed and torque characteristics. 因为鼠笼式电动机具有多种速度和转矩特性，几乎所有的恒速机器均可由这类电动机驱