托福阅读机经背景资料研究禽流感.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料 托福阅读机经背景资料：研究禽流感 摘要： 托福阅读机经背景资料：研究禽流感。小马小编为各位考生整理托福背景知识，下面就请大家跟随小编一起来了解这些背景知识吧。  Science and technology.  科技。  Flu research.  流感研究。  How to make bird flu fly, part one.  让禽流感飞起来，第一部分。  The first of two controversial research papers is published.  充满争议的两篇研究论文的其中之一已发表。  ON APRIL 27th, after much toing and froing, the Dutch government gave Ron Fouchier of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam permission to submit his paper on bird flu to Science. Dr Fouchier is the head of one of two groups studying how bird flu might become transmissible between people. In December the authorities in America and the Netherlands prevented both his group and the other, led by Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, from publishing their findings, lest they get into the wrong hands. This official fear stemmed from the deadly nature of bird flu. Of the 602 human cases reported since 2003, 355 have been fatal. The factor that has stopped the death toll being worse is that people have to catch the virus directly from a bird (usually a chicken). It rarely, if ever, passes from one person to another.  经过了几番周折，荷兰政府终于在4月27日允许鹿特丹伊拉斯谟医学中心的罗恩?富希耶将其关于禽流感研究的文章投稿给《科学》杂志。现今有两个科研团队正致力于研究禽流感在人群中传播的可能性，富希耶是其中一个团队的领导者。在去年12月，美国和荷兰当局阻止富希耶团队和由威斯康星大学的河冈义裕所带领的另一团队发表有关的研究发现，以免这些信息流入不法之徒手中。官方的这种恐怖来源于禽流感的高致死性。自2003年来报告的602个禽流感病例中，死亡病例达355个。死亡数目之所以不再进一步恶化，是因为人只有与鸟类(通常是鸡)直接接触才会感染病毒。该病毒很少且几乎不会在人群中直接传播。  Science has yet to publish Dr Fouchiers manuscript, but its rival Nature has gone ahead and published Dr Kawaokas. This paper got clearance from the American authorities on April 20th. So it is now possible to see what all the fuss was about.  《科学》杂志还没有发表富希耶的文章，但其对手《自然》杂志已抢先一步发表了河冈义裕的文章。美国当局于4月20日批准了该文章的发表。因而现在我们就能知道人们为何大惊小怪了。  Dr Kawaoka was interested in the role a protein called haemagglutinin (HA) plays in the transmission of avian influenza. HA is the viral equivalent of