巴拿马型船过巴拿马运河时装载方案确定.doc

Proper stowage on Panamax vessel for transit the Panama canal (Shen Jiang, Navigation college, Dalian Maritime University, China) Abstract: Due to the un-proper draught and trim, many Panamax-vessels cannot transit the Panama Canal smoothly, this paper based on the requirement of the Panama Canal Authority and characteristics of Panamax-vessel, present a pre-arranged trim method on making the proper stowage plan so as to make the vessel transit the panama Canal smoothly, it has been proved efficient and reliable. Key words: Panama canal；Panamax-vessel；stowage；pre-arranged trim； 问题的提出 Question raising 巴拿马运河是沟通太平洋和大西洋的重要航运要道，每年有1.2万至1.5万艘来自世界各地的船舶途经该运河[1]。为确保安全，巴拿马运河当局对通过巴拿马运河的船舶有严格的要求，不仅要求船舶尺度符合运河当局的要求，而且船舶的吃水也必须符合运河当局的要求，否则就不能通过运河，为此每年都有数百艘船舶因为吃水不符合而被迫滞留，在所有滞留的船舶中尤以巴拿马型船居多。因此当巴拿马型船需要通过巴拿马运河时，应根据巴拿马运河的要求，制定适当的装载方案，本文根据巴拿马型船和巴拿马运河的特点，提出了一种简便而准确地确定航次配载方案的方法。 The PANAMA canal is a very important canal which connects the Pacific and Atlantic, every year about 12000 to 15000 vessels from various countries will transit this canal. For safety reasons, the Panama canal authority have strict requirement for the vessels which transit the canal, not only the vessel’s size but also the vessel’s draft must meet the safe transit requirement, otherwise they can’t transit the canal. For this reason, hundreds of vessels are resorted because their drafts don’t conform with the requirement and the Panamax vessels are the most in the resorted vessels. So the Panamax vessels should establish proper loading plan under the requirement of the canal authority when they transit the Panama canal. I hereby raise a handy and exact measure to make out the stowage plan according to the Panamax vessel and Panama canal’s peculiarity. 原因分折 Cause analysis 巴拿马运河当局规定船舶在通过运河时最大允许吃水为12.04m（39英尺6英寸），运河中水密度为0.9954g/cm3，同时规定船舶在通过运河时六面吃水中的每一面都不能超过上述吃水[2]；巴拿马型船是指船长和船宽满足巴拿马运河的要求，能够通过运河的最大尺码的船，然而巴拿马型船夏季满载吃水超过14m，因此如果装载不当，船舶就会因为吃水超过运河当局所允许的最大吃水而被迫滞留。 Panama canal authority regulate that the vessel’s allowable d