《英语测试学》考点.docVIP

《英语测试学》考点： 1、Write out the full form of the following acronyms. (1x10=10) SD = standard deviation (标准差) CV = coefficient of variability (差异系数) FV = facility value (易度值) MC format = multiple-choice format (多项选择题) TOEFL = Test of English as a Foreign Language (托福考试) IRT = item-response theory (项目反应理论) NR test = norm-referenced test (常模参照测验) CR test = criterion-referenced test (标准参照测验) CLA = communicative language ability (语言交际能力) CTS = classical true score theory (经典真分数理论) G-study = generalizability study (概化研究) D-study = decision study (决策研究) SEM = standard error measurement (标准误差测量) ICC = item characteristic curve (项目特征曲线全美外语教学学会‘G-theory’ has recently been used to analyze different sources of measurement error in subjective ratings of oral interviews and writing samples. (2) Item response theory (项目反应理论) Item response theory (IRT) is a powerful measurement theory that provides a superior means for estimating both the ability levels of test takers and the characteristics of test items (difficulty, discrimination). If certain specific conditions are satisfied, IRT estimates are not dependent upon specific samples, and are thus stable across different groups of individuals and across different test administrations. This makes it possible to tailor tests to individual test-takers’ levels of ability, and thus to design tests that are very efficient in the way they measure these abilities. These characteristics are particularly useful for developing computer-adaptive tests, and item response theory is being used increasingly in the development and analysis of language tests. (3)Pragmatic competence (语用能力) According to Van Dijk, pragmatics is concerned with the relationships between utterances and the acts or functions that speakers (or writers) intend to perform through these utterances, which can be called the illocutionary force of utterances, and the characteristics of the context of language use that determine the appropriateness of utterances. The notion o