研究生英语课文.docxVIP

（粗字体的是老师上课讲的重点，未加粗的作为补充，答题时关键是答出关键词。答题时看清问的是什么，What is…?, What are the purposes of…?, Do you know how many kinds of…?, Could you mention their names?...） Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation (4hrs) 1. Definition of Literature Literature is a general term（总括） for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. The word literature used in this textbook does not mean “文学”, but “文献” or “文献资料”, specifically referring to various documentations in the field of international industrial business and academic exchanges. Since literature is the general term for printed materials, it should be further classified according to what a specific documentary work is. 2. Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning. Textbooks are compiled（编译） in a rigidly scientific, systematic and logical way. Comparatively, the content of a textbook is mature and well established. 2) Monographs(专著) A monograph is “an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply” The content of a monograph usually includes the history and present status of a particular subject, observed data, experimental methods and results, existing problems and the developing trend, various viewpoints and discussions of different schools of thought, research achievements and further exploration, and so on. A monograph usually functions as an important guide for the reader to understand the particular study comprehensively and deeply. 3) Papers Papers are the most important and reliable sources for textbooks, monographs, and all the other documentary works. A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references