信息检索与阅读：AppliedThermodynamics要点.ppt

文献阅读 第二课 Applied Thermodynamics Applied Thermodynamics 应用热力学 目标： 1. 掌握：“热力学”研究对象的英文表达以及常用的专业术语（如体系、性质、状态、过程、平衡等）的英文表达。 2. 熟悉：“热力学”中的焓、熵、广度性质、强度性质、相平衡、可逆过程等概念的英文词汇。 3. 了解：“化学热力学”和“应用热力学”处理对象的差异。 New words and expressions： thermodynamics 热力学 closed system 封闭系统 open system 敞开体系 phase equilibrium 相平衡 cylinder 汽缸 freon 氟利昂 entropy 熵 enthalpy 焓 internal energy 内能 extensive property 广度性质 intensive property 强度性质 molal volume = molar volume 摩尔体积 reversible process 可逆过程 Thermodynamics, the interaction of energy and mass, receives considerable attention in both the chemistry and chemical engineering curricula. However, the two take different approaches. 研究物质和能量相互关系的热力学在化学和化学工程课程中都受到了很大的关注。（热力学，作为研究物质和能量相互关系的一门科学，在化学和化学工程课程中都受到了很大的关注。） 不过，这两门课程采取了不同的研究方法。 The thermodynamics of chemistry concerns itself mostly with closed or control mass systems, which have no movement of mass across the boundary, as well as with ideal gases and solutions. closed system 封闭体系 ideal gases 理想气体 化学热力学主要关注与环境没有物质交换的封闭或控制物质体系，以及理想气体和理想溶液。 concern oneself with sth. ?忙于；从事；关心；关注 In contrast, chemical engineering concerns itself with open systems that have both energy and mass crossing the boundaries, systems that are common in industrial processes. Furthermore, engineers work primarily with real, not ideal, gases and solutions under a wide variety of conditions, including nonideal high pressures and temperatures. open system 敞开体系 industrial process 生产过程 相反，化学工程以与环境之间既有物质交换又有能量交换的敞开体系为研究对象，这些体系在生产过程中是很常见的 。 而且，工程师主要处理的是多种多样条件（包括高温高压）下的、真实的、非理想的气体和溶液。 Phase equilibrium is a significant subject because it is the basis for understanding and designing separation processes that are ubiquitous in the chemical process industries. For that reason, chemical engineers must have a variety of applied techniques to develop, extend, or estimate thermodynamic data (Table 2.1). 相平衡