名词的多变量结构详解.pptVIP

Contents Epithets （描述语） tend to present experientially simpler and often more transitory qualities than those represented by classifiers（类别语)：age( old/young; old/new) size(big/small ),length (long/short),height(tall/short)....many of these are in fact locations on one dimensinal scales between polar opposites （这些描述词大部分处于两级中的一个维度）(old/new) and are typically gradable. Epithets of colour, shape,etc. come after those Epithets that construe polar oppositions. thus we say a big blue wooden house rather than a blue big wooden house, a large round wooden table rather than a round large wooden table, a delicious sour Thai dish rather than a sour delicious Thai dish. The Thing （物体）provides the basic general class in terms of which the participant is construed. It thus locates it in some particular domain of experience， such as the domain of conscious being eg：an absolute fool a small dog or the domain of abstractions. eg： a terrible loss a joyful success LOGO the multivariate structure of the norminal group（名词词组的多变量结构） Halliday认为:语言最基本的两个结构是多变量结构和单变量结构。 变量是功能关系(functional relation) 变量 1 结构 2 指语法中小句或其他单位的组成部分之间潜在的、抽象的关系,而非机械的、体现这些关系的不同类型的线性序列。也就是说,结构是功能成分在“位置”上有顺序的排列组合。 ? Tom, the pipers son Tom= the pipers son →对等的功能关系→单变量结构 ?boys throw stones. 三个成分分别体现施事者-过程-目标的功能关系→多变量结构 多变量（multivariate) type of variable: different functions making unique contributions to unit whole 语言的多变量结构是不同功能关系的组成: ?Theme+ Rheme ?Mood+Residue+Moodtage ?Process+Medium+Agent+Location+Manner ④Minor Process +Minirange 多变量结构包括一个以上区别性的变量,每个变量只出现一次。 eg: the three delicate china vases 指称语 数量词 描述语 类别语 事物 (deictic) (numerative ) (epithet ) (classifier) (thing) 各成分分别表征名词词组中不同的值 The three metafunctional contributions to the nominal group 1 2 3 Textual contribution（语篇功能） Experiential contribution（经验功能）： Interpersonal c