第十章非谓语动词（三）.docVIP

第十章 非谓语动词（三）分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词的构成为：原形动词+ing；过去分词的构成为：原形动词+ed。1现在分词与过去分词的比较(1)它们所表示的语态不同现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，经常用于表示事物；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的情况。例如：an exciting film 一部激动人心的电影。the excited people 激动的人们a shocking news 一个令人震惊的消息a shocked woman 一个感到震惊的女人(2)它们所表示的时间不同现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明已经完成了的动作或行为。a falling leaf 一片正在飘落的树叶a fallen leaf 一片落地的树叶developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家(3)它们所表示的语义不同多数现在分词的汉语可译为“使人怎样……”或“令人如何……”；用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样……”，说明人的感觉。The story is interesting.这个故事真有意思。The boy is interested in physics.这孩子对物理感兴趣。What he said was inspiring.他的话令人鼓舞。We were inspired by what he said.我们对他所说的话感到鼓舞。必背：记住下列同样用法的分词：moving 令人感动的moved 受到感动的tiring 令人厌烦的tired 感到厌烦的amusing 令人愉快的amused 感到有趣的surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的boring 使人厌烦的bored 感到厌烦的astonishing 令人惊讶的astonished 感到惊讶的discouraging 令人沮丧的discouraged 感到沮丧的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的frightening 令人害怕的frightened 感到害怕的inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 感到鼓舞的amazing 令人惊讶的amazed 感到惊讶的(4)它们所用的修饰语不同现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语very，而过去分词之前常用修饰语 much。The football game is very exciting.这场球赛令人非常激动。We were much excited at the game.我们对这场球赛感到非常激动。The film is very boring.这个电影令人厌烦。We were much bored at the film.我们对这场电影感到烦透了。2过去分词在句子中的作用(1)作定语Take away the broken vase.把那只被打碎花瓶拿走。The vase broken by him yesterday is still on the table.他昨天打碎的花瓶还在桌子上放着。 (后置定语)(2)作表语The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job.这姑娘看上去对她的工作很满意。She is interested in drawing.她对绘画感兴趣。(3)作状语She stood there much disappointed.她非常失望地站在那里。Hungry and cold, he tried to find a village in the mountain there .又冷又饿，他竭力想在那山里找到个村子。(4)作宾语补足语The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.老师提高了嗓音，以便使大家听清她的话。Youd better get the article written before Friday.你最好在周五前让人把这篇文章写出来。注意：have和get都可以要求过去分词作宾语补足语，形成have/get sth.done表示动作由别人完成。I will have my hair cut this afternoon.下午我要去理发。Shes got her car fixed yesterd ay.昨天她请人修了她的车。可以带分词作宾