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English Learning English Learning Language and Culture 1. Introduction 2. Three sources of Chinese culture 3. Three sources of Western culture 4. Culture difference and English learning The Importance of English Learning Language and Culture 1 1. Introduction ① What is language? It is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols for human communication. (The symbols are arbitrary at first, but they are also established by usage and accepted by practice. 具有约定俗成性) ② The history of English as a language ③ What is culture? ④ What is the relationship between the two? carrier/root Language and Culture 2 2. Three sources of Chinese culture: a. Confucianism (Confucius 孔子)(Spring and Autumn Dynasty) 孔孟(Mencius) 仁 benevolence (仁者爱人) 礼 中庸之道 b. Taoism (Taoist) ----Han Dynasty 无为（doing nothing）顺其自然naturalness Laozi《道德经》 Zhuangzi 《逍遥游》 c. Buddhism (Buddha) (Sakyamuni) Tang Dynasty 因果报应 In Wei，Jin and South-and-North Dynasty, they three co-existed in China and formed a tripartite confrontation (三足鼎立). Language and Culture 3 3. Three sources of Western culture: (1) Greek culture (Greece): (2) Roman culture (Latin) (3) Hebraic culture (Hebrew 希伯来语) Biblical culture 3. Three sources of Western culture (1) Greek culture (Greece): ★mythology and legend ★ philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle ★Literature: Homer Epics; Tragedies ★the cradle of Olympic Games 3. Three sources of Western culture (2) Roman culture (Latin) 古罗马通常指从公元前9世纪初在意大利半岛中部兴起的文明，历罗马王政时代、罗马共和国，于1世纪前后扩张成为横跨欧洲、亚洲、非洲的庞大罗马帝国。到395年，罗马帝国分裂为东西两部。西罗马帝国亡于476年。东罗马帝国（即拜占廷帝国）变为封建国家，1453年为奥斯曼帝国所灭。传说根据传说，当特洛伊城遭到希腊人进攻的时候，维纳斯女神的儿子埃涅阿斯及其追随者逃出来，沿北非西行穿过迦太基，来到罗马。 罗马人对世界文化所作出的最为重要的贡献就是保存了希腊和中东地区的文化成果。罗马人在广泛吸收四邻各族优秀文化成果，特别是古代希腊人的卓越文化成就的基础上，根据本国社会、经济、政治发展的需要，创造了自己独特的文化，为世界文化增添了