初中英语被动语态专项讲解.docVIP

初中英语被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。：Chinese?is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. ?Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：This house was built in 1958. ? His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：More factories will be built in our city. ? He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.  4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词. Eg：?A road is being built around the mountain. ?Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词? Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. ? We were being trained this time last year.  6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. ?The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. ?8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法 一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态： Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打Eg:1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了不愿意说出动作的执行者，其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，有时常用一些句式，如It is said that…（据说……），It is reported that …　It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国4.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 Eg:1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 3）.Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 注：使用被动语态的情况口诀：动作谁做的不知道，谁说出的不必要。接受动作需强调，用被动语态最为妙。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词