国际贸易（英文版全套课件）.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 40%, 10%, -20% * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Economic Integration in Practice European union (EU) History of European Economic Integration 1950-52 The European Coal and Steel Community (Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) 1958-68 “Customs Union”: the European Economic Community(EEC) The Treaty of Rome (1957) 1968-92 “Common Market”: the European Community(EC) The Single European Act (1987) 1992- “Economic Union”: the European Union(EU) The Maastricht Treaty (approved in 1993) 1999.1.1 11 EU countries established the Euro as a common currency A day will come when all nations on our continent will form a European brotherhood... A day will come when we shall see ... the United States of America and the United States of Europe, face to face, reaching out? for each other across the seas. Victor Hugo (1848) Economic Impacts Free trade: -Comparative advantage -Economy of scale -Competition -Trade diversion Factor Movement: -Efficiency of resource allocation -Adjustment costs North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) History Us-Canada Free Trade 1965 Free trade in auto and parts 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement(free trade in 10 years) NAFTA: (signed on 12.17.1992, approved by all three countries in late 1993, and effective on 1.1.1994, Free trade in 15 years) North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) Economic Impacts Development of intra - and industrial trade among the three countries; Environmental protection and structure adjustment Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Type of organization Regional economic cooperation group Voluntary, Consensus, and Non-binding APEC 1998年，APEC的21个经济体成员的国内生产总