美国理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution.pptVIP

The Literature of Reason and Revolution Historical Introduction: As we have seen, theology dominated the Puritan phrase of American writing. Politics was the next great subject to command the attention of the best mind. The nature of the United States The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic – the United States of America. Authors and works: 1、Benjamin Franklin (1706--1790) 是18世纪美国的实业家、科学家、社会活动家、思想家和外交家。他是美国历史上第一位享有国际声誉的科学家和发明家. 1)His Representative piece: “Poor Richard’s Almanac”穷人理查德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 . It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin’s shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation. “Autobiography” 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 2) His contribution to American A. Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. B. Established America’s first circulating library, founded the college — University of Pennsylvania. C. first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges. D. As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. E. As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic. 2. Thomas Paine (1737-1890) ①famous pamphlet “Common Sense” it boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. ②“American Crisis”《美国危机》, signed “Common Sense”.署名为“常识”。 3、Thomas Jefferson ①drafted the Declaration of Independence. ② Different idea from Puritan: All Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. 4、Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ①perhaps the most outstanding writ