美联储FederalReserveSystem详解.ppt

Federal Reserve System The Structure of the Federal Reserve System The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System联邦储备委员会 The Federal Open Market Committee联邦公开市场委员会 Federal Reserve Banks 联邦储备银行 Board of Directors 董事会 The Board of Governorsof the Federal Reserve System On December 23, 1913,?the Federal Reserve System, which serves as the nation’s central bank, was created by an?act of Congress（国会法）. The System consists of a seven member Board of Governors with headquarters in Washington, D.C., and twelve Reserve Banks located in major cities throughout the United States. Membership The seven members of the?Board of Governors?are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate to serve 14-year terms of office. Members may serve only one full term, but a member who has been appointed to complete an unexpired term may be reappointed to a full term.?The President designates, and the Senate confirms, two members of the Board to be Chairman and Vice Chairman, for four-year terms. MeetingsThe Board usually meets several times a week. Meetings?are conducted in compliance with the Government in the Sunshine Act, and many meetings are open to the public. If the Board has convened to consider confidential financial information, however, the sessions are closed to public observation. The FederalOpen Market Committee The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is the most important monetary policymaking body of the Federal Reserve System. It is responsible for formulation of a policy designed to promote economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and payments.? The FOMC makes key decisions regarding the conduct of open market operations—purchases and sales of U.S. government and federal agency securities—which affect the provision of reserves to depository institutions and, in turn, the cost and availability of money and credit in the U.S. economy. The FOMC also dir