2015西威牛和威宁黄牛育肥效果比较研究.doc

西威牛和威宁黄牛育肥效果比较研究 帅亮洪，马金萍2，宋德荣2 （1.赫章县畜禽品种改良站，贵州赫章553200；2.毕节市畜牧兽医科学研究所，贵州毕节551700） 摘要：为比较牛和威宁黄牛的杂交效果，进行了威牛F1代和威宁黄牛的短期育肥研究。结果表明：威牛和威宁黄牛平均日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积分别为1.159kg、53.62%、45.11%、85.35cm2和0.829kg、48.73%、39.85%、54.65cm2，威牛均极显著高于威宁黄牛(P0.01)，胴体脂肪覆盖率分别为81.96%和68.96%，威牛优于威宁黄牛（P0.05）；而威牛肉蛋白质含量19.60%，极显著低于威宁黄牛的22.65%( P0.01)，脂肪含量25.30 %显著高于威宁黄牛的7.95% (P0.05)，总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别为85.93mg/100mg、39.17mg/100mg和82.96mg/100m、36.58mg/100m，威牛亦极显著(P＜0.01)和显著(P＜0.05)高于威宁黄牛。 关键词：牛；威宁黄牛；育肥效果 Abstract: In order to compare Weining cattle and Simmental cattle hybridization effects were short-term studies i-wei cattle fattening of F1 and Weining cattle. The results showed that: Ｘi-wei Weining cattle and cattle average daily gain, dressing percentage, meat percentage, loin eye area were 1.159kg, 53.62%, 45.11%, 85.35cm2 and 0.829kg, 48.73%, 39.85%, 54.65cm2 , Leeway cattle were significantly higher than that of Weining cattle (P0.01), carcass fat coverage was 81.96% and 68.96%, better than Ｘi-wei Weining cattle cattle (P0.05); while the protein content of beef Leeway 19.60%, significantly lower than the 22.65% Weining cattle (P0.01), the fat content of 25.30% was significantly higher than 7.95% Weining cattle (P0.05), total amino acids, essential amino acids were 85.93mg / 100mg, 39.17mg / 100mg and 82.96mg /100 mg, 36.58mg/100 mg, Ｘi-wei cattle also were significantly (P0.01) and significantly (P0.05) higher than that of Weining cattle. Keywords: Ｘi-wei cattle; Weining cattle; Fattening 威宁黄牛主要分布于云贵高原乌蒙山脉东部的威宁、纳雍、七星关、赫章等区县。以肉用为主，兼具役用性能，成年公牛体高为110.8cm，母牛为102.2cm，公牛体重为269.3kg，母牛为200.6kg，性成熟较晚，母牛3岁开始配种，一般3年产2犊，成活率为90%以上。在农村饲养条件下，平均屠宰率为52.8%，净肉率为44.6%。毕节市属北亚热带季风湿润气候，温度无霜期降水。海拔相对高差大，山上山下气候变化明显，利于多种动植物生长。同时，该区地型山高坡陡，谷地幽深，草山宽广，牧草资源丰富，适于牲畜放牧，所以使得威宁黄牛逐渐形成了耐寒和耐粗放饲养，善于爬山越岭等特点[1]。因此，在长期的自然选择下，威宁黄牛形成了生长速度慢、肉用性能自身体型小的特点，高效肉牛业的发展需要。为了提高本威宁黄牛，贵州省引进了肉牛品种威宁黄牛进行杂交以期筛选和确定适合肉牛杂交组合[2]。本次研究根据所选择试验养殖场具备较多西门塔尔牛和威宁黄牛杂交牛的特点，进而对西威牛和威宁黄牛育肥效果进行比较研究。 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验时间、地点 本研究于2014年2月4日至4月14在贵州省专业合作社， 1.2 试验膘情中等体格相似、健康无病的威F1代（×威