从画到园林_苏州古典园林画面转换研究_乐志.pdf

风景园林艺术 从画到园林——苏州古典园林画面转换研究 From Picture to Garden—The Study of Transformation between Traditional Landscape Painting and Suzhou Classical Garden 乐 志 / YUE Zhi 摘 要：中国传统山水画与传统园林营造有着密切的联系。以现存的苏州园林和经典山水画为研究基础，首先剖析了传统山 程云杉 / CHENG Yun-shan 水画“移天缩地”的技巧；然后探讨了绘画原理转换为园林设计方法的限制和变通技巧。包括将散点透视变为“环视”和“环 游”，以留白为主的构图模式，因地制宜的“三远”技法，压缩实体、遮挡扭转、尺度对比等增加层次的技巧等。并在此基础 上，结合苏州古典园林的几处实例研究了造景时的尺寸控制，较完整地阐述了从山水画到园林的转化过程。 关 键 词：风景园林；苏州古典园林；山水画；压缩；尺度 文章编号：1000-6664(2012)05-0068-05 中图分类号：TU 986 文献标志码：A 收稿日期：2011-09-08； 修回日期：2012-04-10 Abstract: Chinese traditional landscape painting and traditional garden creation have a close relationship. The paper is a study of the relationship between traditional landscape painting and Suzhou classical gardens. And it focuses on the transformation procedure. Firstly, some characters of traditional landscape paintings which were used to deal with spaces were studied, including the skills of traditional landscape painting in shifting sceneries, the restrictions and flexible skills in converting painting principles to landscape design methods. Then the relationship between garden and painting were analyzed. Finally, the procedure of the conversion was studied with dimension controls. Key words: landscape architecture; Suzhou Classical gardens; landscape painting; compression; dimension 我国古典园林因其小巧精致，立意精巧而著称于世。如果说“诗情” 与园林表现对象——大自然的广阔丰富差异明显。如何小中见大，变封闭 是其文化基石，那么“画意”就是其造景的基准。一些造园名家如计成、 为开放，是设计时主要考虑的问题。类似的，创作中国传统山水画时也要 李渔等都指出山水画和绘画理论对其造园的影响[1] ，石涛更是身兼造园名 面对将丰富多变的三维景观“压缩”入二维有限平面的难题。这其中有什 家和画家二职，“皴法”等绘画技巧对假山堆叠也有一定指导作用。但 么技法