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Increasing Modularity of UAV Control Systems
using Computer Game Behavior Trees
⇤
¨
Petter Ogren
Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Stockholm, SE-164 90, Sweden
In this paper, we argue that the modularity, reusability and complexity of Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle (UAV) guidance and control systems might be improved by using a Behavior
Tree (BT) architecture. BTs are a particular kind of Hybrid Dynamical Systems (HDS),
where the state transitions of the HDS are implicitly encoded in a tree structure, instead
of explicitly stated in transition maps. In the gaming industry, BTs have gained a lot of
interest, and are now replacing HDS in the control architecture of many automated in-game
opponents. Below, we explore the relationship between HDS and BTs. We show that any
HDS can be written as a BT and that many common UAV control constructs are quite
naturally formulated as BTs. Finally, we discuss the positive implications of making the
above mentioned state transitions implicit in the BTs.
I. Introduction
Guidance and control of UAVs is an active research area,12 and so far the main e↵ort has been on how
to make the UAVs do the tasks right, i.e. designing the controllers,345 rather than doing the right tasks,
i.e. designing the control architecture. However, when an increasing number of capabilities are added to a
UAV system, the problem of how and when to switch, between di↵erent tasks and corresponding controllers,
becom
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