KeyIssuesinInternationalSalesContracts..pptVIP

Key Issues in International Sales Contracts Chapter 6 Objectives 购销合同的形成过程 Export issues Import issues International payment and foreign exchange Protection of industrial and intellectual property Choice of law, jurisdiction, and remedy 购销合同的形成过程 一份合同的形成，大多数情况下要通过以下四个环节： 1）询盘（inquiry） 2) 发盘（offer） 3）还盘（counter-offer) 4）承诺（acceptance） 询盘：询价 询盘：询价 发盘： 报价（offer） 合同法上称为“要约”。发盘一旦被对方有效接受，合同即告成立。《中华人民共和国合同法》第14条规定：“要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定： （1）内容具体确定； （2）表明经受要约人的承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。” “Here offer means that one party expresses its wish to enter into a contract with the other party, and the wish expressed should include the following provisions: 1. The concrete contents are designated; 2. Once the offeree accepts the offer, the offerer shall be bound by the offer. 发盘： 报价（offer） 还盘（counter-offer）: 还价 是受盘人在收到发盘或报盘价之后，不同意或不完全同意发盘人在盘中提出的条件，而提出修改或变更的表示。 在起草还盘文本时，应明确提出具体的不同意或不完全同意对方报盘所提的条件，并要写明修改的条件，最好能说明理由。 承诺（acceptance） 受盘人在实盘的有效期内，无条件地同意实盘中提出的交易条件，并同意按这些条件订立合同的一种肯定表示。发盘一经有效承诺，合同即成立。 “A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this Convention”(CISG, Article 23) 。 《中华人民共和国合同法》第21条：Commitment means that the offeree agrees to accept the offer. 第22条： Commitment should reach the offerer within the time limit as prescribed by the offer. 承诺（acceptance） Export Issues Adaptation to importing country (1) Compliance with the laws Which party is obligated to adapt the goods such that they are in compliance with consumer laws, any other quality standard regulations, and environmental laws of the importing country? (2) Market adaptations Which party is obligated to adapt the goods to allow for local languages, cultural, or religious preferences; climatic differences; preferences for metric measurements; differences in electrical, water, wire, telephone, and other systems; and variations in the standard of living of the consumers? NB. The fact that the contract permits alt