《Beyond the Tragedy of the Commons》.pptVIP

* * Beyond the Tragedy of the Commons Xavier Basurto and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis Indiana University, Bloomington Presented by Elinor Ostrom at the Tragedy of the Commons Symposium, Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan, November 21, 2008. Moving Beyond the Tragedy Need to overcome two scholarly approaches Seeking universal theories and solutions Focusing on the unique aspect of every site We will illustrate how we can begin to move beyond the limits of these two approaches We will link a diagnostic framework with a theory of self-organization to explain why two fishing communities in Mexico self-organized and one did not. Selected Fishing Villages in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico Harvesting of the Sessile Mollusk Sea Pen Shell Left to right. Photo#1: Two adult specimens of the sessile bivalve mollusk commonly known as sea pen shell (Atrina tuberculosa) and harvested by small-scale fishers of the three communities under study. Photo #2: Shows two abductor muscles pertaining to the two individuals of photo#1. Sea pen shells are harvested for their abductor muscle, which reaches high prices in the Mexican national seafood market. Fishers are paid up to $20 usd per kilogram at the beach –therefore there is great demand for them. Only shrimp and abalone reach such high prices. Their U.S. analogue are bay scallops. Photo #3: Typical small-scale fishing boat used in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Benthic mollusks are harvested by diving (photo #4), note the air compressor in the middle of the boat in photo 3 that provides air to the diver in photo # 4. Diver in Photo # 4 is walking on the bottom (using plastic boots) harvesting sea pen shells in a shallow fishing area. Using a Diagnostic Framework and Theory Need a common language among those disciplines analyzing resource problems so we can learn from individual studies, develop better theory, test that theory in the field and the lab, and build still better theory Can o