《and chronic kidney disease》.pdfVIP

Pediatr Nephrol (2008) 23:1037– 1051 DOI 10.1007/s00467-008-0816-z EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS-cytokine pathway and chronic kidney disease Craig Wong Peter Kanetsky Dominic Raj Received: 21 November 2007 /Revised: 25 February 2008 /Accepted: 27 February 2008 / Published online: 15 May 2008 # IPNA 2008 Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is affordable technologies to genotype thousands of single irreversible. It is associated with renal failure progression nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome make and atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities. genome-wide association studies an attractive paradigm for Nearly 60% of children with CKD are affected since birth studying polygenic diseases such as CKD. Although with congenital or inherited kidney disorders. Preliminary attractive, such studies should be interpreted carefully, with evidence primarily from adult CKD studies indicates a fundamental understanding of their potential weaknesses. common genetic risk factors for CKD and atherosclerotic Nevertheless, whole-genome association studies for diabet- CV disease. Although multiple physiologic pathways share ic nephropathy and future studies pertaining to other types common genes for CKD and CV disease, substantial of CKD will offer further insight for the development of evidence supports our attention to the renin angiotensin targeted interventions to treat CKD and associated athero- system (RAS) and the interlinked inflammatory cascade sclerotic CV abnormalities in the pediatric CKD population. because they modulate the progressions of renal and CV disease. Gene polymorphisms in the RAS-cytokine path- Keywords Chronic kidney disease . way,