《康德哲学术语表（英文）》.docVIP

康德术语表英文 Glossary of Kants Technical Terms The following Glossary lists Kants most important technical terms, together with a simple definition of each. (The terms judicial, perspective and standpoint are the only ones Kant himself does not use as technical terms.) It was originally written as a study aide to help make the intricate web of Kants terminology comprehensible to students who had little or no familiarity with Kants writings. Where relevant, the opposite term is given in curved brackets at the end of the definition. When a word defined herein (or a slightly different form of such a word) is used in the course of defining some other word in this Glossary, its first occurrence in that definition will be in italics. 下面的术语表列举了康德最重要的技术性概念，同时在每个概念之后附上一个简单的定义。（判断的、知觉的和立场）写作的初衷是使其作为一个学习助手，建立一个康德术语的可理解的内在网络，去帮助那些还不熟悉康德的作品的学生。相应的，其反义的概念会在每个定义之后的括弧中给出。如果在术语表中的一些字条的定义被用于定义一些其他的词条的话（或者是这个词条的稍微不同的形式），那么它首次出现的定义将会以斜体字显示。 a posteriori（后天的）: a way of gaining knowledge by appealing to some particular experience(s). This method is used to establish empirical and hypothetical truths. (Cf. a priori.)一种通过一些特殊的经验而获得知识的方式，这种方法被用于建立经验的和假设的真理。 a priori（先天的）: a way of gaining knowledge without appealing to any particular experience(s). This method is used to establish transcendental and logical truths. (Cf. a posteriori.)一种无需通过任何特殊经验而获得知识的方式。这种方法被用于建立先验的和逻辑的真理。 aesthetic（感性）: having to do with sense-perception. In the first Critique this word refers to space and time as the necessary conditions for sense-perception. The first half of the third Critique examines the subjective purposiveness in our perception of beautiful or sublime objects in order to construct a system of aesthetic judgment. (Cf. teleological.)与感性直观相关。在《纯粹理性批判》中，这个词条指作为感性直观的必要条件的空间和时间。在《判断力批判》的第一部分中，考察了我们在感知审美对象和崇高对象时的主观的合目的性，以此来建构一个美学的判断体系。（反义：目的论） analysis（分析）: division of a representation into two opposing representations, with a view towards clarifying the original representation. Philosophy as metaphysi