计算机专业英语 支丽平 第6章.pptVIP

Unit 1 Computer Basic Knowledge 教学目标 教学内容 教学目标 了解计算机的发展简史 掌握计算机的分类方法 理解衡量计算机的性能指标 了解计算机的几大热门技术 教学内容 Text 1 The History of Computer’s development Text 2 Kinds of Computers Text 1 The History of Computer’s development Main Contents Words and Expressions Exercises History The first adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, was devised in 1642 by the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher Blaise Pascal. This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9. The wheels were connected so that numbers could be added to each other by advancing the wheels by a correct number of teeth. In the 1670s the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved on this machine by devising one that could also multiply. The Analytical Engine Early Computers Electronic Computers Integrated Circuits Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with interconnecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size, and failure rate. The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit (microchip), with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate. Generations of Electronic Computer The first generation of computer (1946 ~1958) The second generation of computer (1959~1964) The Third Generation of Computer (1964~1971) The Fourth Generation of Computer (1971~now) The first generation of computer (1946 ~1958) The first generation of computer was characterized by the main feature of the ENIAC-vacuum tubes. Through 1950s, several other computers were built, each contributing significant advancements, such as binary arithmetic, random access, and the concept of stored programs. These computer concepts are com