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System Fitness and the Extinction Patterns of Firms under Pure Economic Competition
System Fitness and the Extinction Patterns of Firms under Pure
Economic Competition
Paul Ormerod ( pormerod@volterra.co.uk )*
Helen Johns ( hjohns@volterra.co.uk )
Volterra Consulting Ltd
The Old Power Station
121 Mortlake High Street
London SW14 8SN
September 2001
* Corresponding author
1
Abstract
The relationships which characterise the outcomes of the interactions between firms in
the economy appear to follow power law behaviour. In particular, there is evidence that
the empiric al powe r laws which relate the size of an extinction to its frequency are
similar for both biological species and firms in the economy.
Biological species interact with each other in ways which either increase or decrease the
fitness levels of individual speci es. In the same way, firms in the economy carry out
strategies, and the net outcome of the interactions between firms is to increase or
decrease the fitness of other firms..
Models which are used to describe the interactions of biological species can be given
straightforward interpretations in terms of the interactions of firms in an industry. The
general versions of models of interactions between agents allow for co-operative
behaviour between pairs of agents. We contrast the properties of such a model with
special cases of it, in which interactions are restricted so that only competitive
interactions between
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