由《说文解字#8226;女部》看中国古代女性文化.docVIP

由《说文解字·女部》看中国古代女性文化 李哲 指导教师：王玉仁 ［中文摘要］许慎在《说文解字》中，不仅首创部首检字法，而且对同部首的字也尽量把意义相近的字排列在一起，按其不同的特性，通过感觉和联想，以隐喻的方式进行联系，使之形成有机的整体。从而便于挖掘其中丰富的文化内涵。以“女部”为例。《说文·女部》的字大致可以分为：姓氏、婚姻、生育、容貌、侮辱五类，经详加分析，可得出以下结论：姓是远古血缘关系的体现，是宗法社会“辨亲疏”，“别婚姻”的重要依据；在整个婚姻过程中，始终以男性家庭为中心，女性只处于被动和附属地位；男性是种族繁衍的主体，妇女仅作为依附或工具；那些表示女子容貌的字应是男人创造的，女人按他们的审美标准和意志来塑造自己，打扮自己；那些表示侮辱的字，反映出封建社会对女性的歧视和偏见。在汉字构形系统中，部首“女”与部首“人”相对，它是一个性别标志。这个部首的设立和运用，都昭示着这样一个意义：它是用来标识在社会生活中非主流的、特别的、个性的一类人。 ［关键词］《说文解字》；许慎；汉字；女性；文化 [abstract] In “Explication de Texte”,XuShen is the first one who created the checking word law .and try his best to arrange the word with close meaning together to the word of the same radical, according to their different characteristic, through feeling and associating, carry on the connection by way of metaphor, make them form organic whole .So easy to excavate the abundant cultural issues among them. Take “Female share” as an example. “Explications de Texte Female share” can roughly be divided into five kinds: Surname, marriage, parenting, appearance and shame. Through detailed, analysis, can draw the following conclusion: it is ancient times embodiment of blood relationship to be surnamed, it is the important basis of “distinguishes relative’s relation”, “distinguishing the marriage relation” in the patriarchal clan system society; In the course of whole marriage, regard male family as the center all the time, women are only in passively and attach to the status; Man are the main body that the race multiply, women are only as dependant or the tool; Those show women word of appearance should be created by man ,woman moulds herself and dress up herself according to aesthetic standard and will of them ;Those word show insulted, reflect discrimination and prejudice to women of feudal society. In the formative system of Chinese characters, the radical “女”is opposite to the radical “人” as a symbol of sex. This radical was established and used to indicate such a meaning as a class of people who were imprincipal, peculi