book4 unit2 Grammar.pptVIP

* * 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 1. 动词-ing形式是在动词末尾加 -ing，属于非谓语动词。如：do-doing, write-writing, sit-sitting, etc. 否定形式：not + v--ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式作主语或宾语时，也可称为动名词。 动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。如： Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? It’s no good waiting here. Let’s go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”。如： There was no telling when this might happen again. 没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。 动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 有些动词如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如： We’re considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. 2. 有些短语如can’t help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如： I have been used to living here. I’m fond of collecting stamps and coins. 3. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired. 常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀: 考虑建议盼原谅， 承认推迟没得想， 避免错过继续练， 否认完成停能赏， 不禁介意准逃亡， 不准冒险凭想象。 consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon admit, delay / put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine [注意] 动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如： I’m annoyed about John’s forgetting to pay. I really can’t understand you treating her like that. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如： Not cleaning h