临床药学英语考试英语精选.docVIP

1．Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation. MIC is generally regarded as the most basic laboratory measurement of the activity of an antimicrobial agent against an organism. 最低抑菌浓度（MIC）：在体外培养细菌18-24h后能抑制培养基内细菌生长的最低药物浓度。 2. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotic required to kill an organism. 最低杀菌浓度（MBC）：在体外试验中，能够杀灭培养基内细菌的最低药物浓度。 3. Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body 4. 5. First-pass metabolism First-pass effect or First-pass elimination A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. 某些药物首次通过肠壁或经门静脉进入肝脏时被其中的酶所代谢致使进入体循环的药量减少的一种现象 6. Bioavailability A measurement of the extent of a therapeutically active drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available at the site of action. one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs 经任何给药途径给予一定剂量的药物后到达全身血液循环内药物的百分率 7. Area under the concentration/time curve (AUC) The most reliable measure of bioavailability. Directly proportional to the total amount of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation. Calculating the relative efficiency of different drug products 血药浓度-时间曲线下面积：血药浓度随时间变化的积分值，与吸收后进入体循环的药量成正比，反映进入体循环药物的相对量 8. 9. Apparent volume of distribution (VD) A pharmacological term used to quantify the distribution of a medication throughout the body after oral or parenteral dosing It is defined as the volume in which the amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the observed blood concentration A∕Co 当血浆和组织内药物分布达到平衡后，体内药物按此时的血浆药物浓度在体内分布时所需体液容积称表观分布容积 10. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) The maximum volume of air that can be expired from the lungs in the first second when starting from maximum inspiration 11. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) The m