上外2008年翻译学专业考研试题.docVIP

上海外国语大学2008年高翻学院翻译学专业考研试题 2008翻译综合试题 一、写出下列人名的通用译名及国别 （15分）Ernest HemingwayM.A.K. HallidayE.A. NidaJames S. HolmesPeter Newmark二、写出下列术语的通用译法 （25分）Dynamic EquivalenceCritical Discourse AnalysisTarget LanguageDomesticationPragmatics三、解释“动态平衡”概念，并阐述你的看法。（40分）四、西方历史上的翻译家你知道几位？选其中一位谈谈你对他的认识（译著、成就）。（40分）五、Please briefly describe in English what is Simultaneous Interpreting. （30分）08翻译实践试题（英汉The Economist 2007-11-8上弄来的From broken windows to broken schools IN THE 1990s New York Citys success in cutting crime became a model for America and the world. Innovative policing methods, guided by the “broken windows” philosophy of cracking down on minor offences to encourage a culture of lawfulness, showed that a seemingly hopeless situation could be turned around. It made the name of the mayor, Rudy Giuliani, now a presidential aspirant. Hopeless is how many people feel about Americas government-funded public schools, particularly in the dodgier parts of big cities, where graduation rates are shockingly low and many fail to achieve basic levels of literacy and numeracy. As with urban crime, failing urban schools are preoccupying countries the world over. And just as New York pointed the way on fighting crime, under another mayor, Michael Bloomberg, it is now emerging as a model for school reform. On November 5th Mr Bloomberg announced a new “report card” for the citys schools, designed to make them accountable for their performance. The highest-graded schools will get an increased budget and perhaps a bonus for the principal (head teacher). Schools that fail will not be tolerated: unless their performance improves, their principals will be fired, and if that does not do the trick, they will be closed. This is the culmination of a series of reforms that began when Mr Bloomberg campaigned for, and won, direct control of the school system after becoming mayor in 2002. Even before the “report cards”, there have been impressive signs of improvement, including hig