初中英语语法50618.docVIP

一、动词-ing形式作主语? 动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1. 一般形式 Seeing is believing.? 眼见为信。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.? 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 2. 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如： Its nice talking with you.? 和你谈话很高兴。 Its no use arguing with him.? 跟他争论没用。 3. “There + be + no + -ing”结构，此结构的意义相当于“Its impossible + 不定式”。如：There is no harm in doing so.? 这样做没有害处。 二、动词-ing形式作表语动词 -ing可用来作表语。如： This food smells inviting.? 这种食物香味怡人。 My favorite sport is swimming.? 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 Their job is cleaning the window.? 他们的工作是打扫窗子。 三、动词-ing形式作宾语? 1. 动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。 I warned her against driving fast.? Jim dislikes eating chocolate.? 2. 有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape,?fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, pardon,?practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。The doctor advised taking more exercise.? 医生建议多锻炼。 I suggest doing it in a different way.? 我建议用不同的方法做。 3. 大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, leave?off, feel like, be tired afraid, capable, fond of, set about等。 以下为to作介词的短语有：be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to,?react to等。 Do you feel like having a drink? 你想喝点饮料吗？ I prefer swimming to playing basketball.? 我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。 4. 有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很大的差别。如：⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事 ⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事 ⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 ⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事 ⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 ⑹try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事 ⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾 ⑻mean to do 打算／想做某