凯勒 《战略品牌管理》（第一至第七章）.ppt

CHAPTER 1: BRANDS BRAND MANAGEMENT Kevin Lane Keller Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College What is a brand? For the American Marketing Association (AMA), a brand is a “name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition.” These different components of a brand that identify and differentiate it are brand elements. What is a brand? Many practicing managers refer to a brand as more than that— as something that has actually created a certain amount of awareness, reputation, prominence, and so on in the marketplace. We can make a distinction between the AMA definition of a “brand” with a small b and the industry’s concept of a “Brand” with a capital b. Brands vs. Products A product is anything we can offer to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a need or want. A product may be a physical good, a service, a retail outlet, a person, an organization, a place, or even an idea. Five Levels of Meaning for a Product The core benefit level is the fundamental need or want that consumers satisfy by consuming the product or service. The generic product level is a basic version of the product containing only those attributes or characteristics absolutely necessary for its functioning but with no distinguishing features. This is basically a stripped-down, no-frills version of the product that adequately performs the product function. The expected product level is a set of attributes or characteristics that buyers normally expect and agree to when they purchase a product. The augmented product level includes additional product attributes, benefits, or related services that distinguish the product from competitors. The potential product level includes all the augmentations and transformations that a product might ultimately undergo in the future. A brand is therefore more than a product, as