英文版 材料概论.pptVIP

Introduction to Materials Company name LOGO School of materials science and engineering 1 Materials and Material Science The significance/importance of materials can be understood from the following aspects: The history of human civilization and social development is strongly intertwined with the pervasive role of materials. And the entire eras of human civilization are named for materials. The applications of materials. 1.1 How is a material defined ? The Solids used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment. properties The availability Cost Methods of synthesis and production The use of materials depends on: 1.2 The classes of materials 1.3 Materials properties Properties are the way the material responds to the environment and external forces. Mechanical properties Physical properties Chemical properties 1.4 Use of Materials Depends: properties The availability Cost Methods of systhesis and production 1.5 Materials Science Material science is the investigation of the relationship among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials. Materials Science deals with the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the microscopic structures. 2 Types of Materials Metals and their alloys (metallic bonding) Organic polymers (covalent bonding and secondary bonding) Ceramics (ionic bonding and covalent bonding) Composites Semiconductors : electronics Bio-materials Nano technology future 2.1 Metals Metal and alloys 2.2 Ceramics ceramics 2.3 Polymers polymers 2.4 Composites 3 Structural Characteristic of Materials Subatomic level——Electronic structure of individual atoms that defines interaction among atoms (interatomic bonding). Atomic level——Arrangement of atoms in materials (for the same atoms can have different properties, e.g. two forms of carbon: graphite and diamond) Microscopic structure——Arrangement of small grains of material that can be identified by microscopy. (Gives d