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Principles of Translation.ppt

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Principles of Translation.ppt

Principles of Translation Brief Introduction The so-called principles of translation and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same thing. The former lays emphasis on the translator, who should follow them while translating, whereas /but the latter on the reader or critic, who may use the criteria to evaluate a translation. A theorist once said the criteria of translation function as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and as a goal set for translators to strive after. In this lecture, some influential principles of translation will be discussed. Firstly, the three characters “信达雅” formulated by Yan Fu are thought of and supported as the one and only maxim all translators must observe. Faithfulness---to be faithful to the content of the original; Expressiveness---to be as expressive as the original; Elegance--- to use elegant language or expressions. Can we translate some dirty words into elegant ones? For instance: Shit “My translations are not intended for school-children, but for scholars who had read a lot of ancient books.”---Yan Fu So, Liu Zhongde(刘重德)put forth 信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness 傅雷:神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。 钱钟书:化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader. 看不出有翻译的痕迹。 鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。 目的:引入英文句式的表达法 梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。. Literal Translation and Free Translation literal translation --- 直译Free translation --- 意译 Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1. Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 2. Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style

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